I learned about this objective in my textbook because it was easy to understand and it laid out it for you. The book to me almost had it step by step. Just by reading about the thyroid gland the first thing that is mentioned in the book was its Location which is anterior to the neck, just below the larynx. Histologically it is composed of spherical hollow follicles which are formed by either cuboidal or squamous epithelial cells. I learned from the book that the parathyroid glands are behind the thyroid gland almost hidden from view. Histology of the parathyroid tissues are often found with the thyroid tissue. The chief cells that make up this gland are smaller and darker staining than of the thyroid. The adrenal glands I did not need any introduction on because I knew they were perched on top of the kidneys. The histology of the adrenal glands are that they are encased in a connective tissue capsule. Also I already knew about its cortex and medulla. The pancreas I would say is found behind the stomach. It's histology would be the islets of Langerhans. The ovaries are located in the lateral wall of the pelvis. I learned that it has a lot of histology just to name a few it has follicular cells, granulosa cells just to name a couple. The pineal gland is a part of the epithalamus. Thymus is located in front of the heart and behind the sternum. The chart below as you can see helped with the hormones and functions of each of the glands.
| Endocrine System Gland | Hormone Produced | Endocrine System Function |
| Pituitary gland | Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) | Its primary function is to help the kidneys to retain water in the body. |
| Corticotropin (ACTH) | These hormones are there for regulating the hormones of the adrenal glands. | |
| Human growth hormone | As the name suggests, it is associated with the growth and development of the body. It is also known to encourage the production of protein. | |
| Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone | Important functions like the production of sperm and semen, and menstruation, are looked after by this particular hormone. Secondary sexual characteristics such as hair growth pattern, muscles, texture and thickness of the skin, nature of the voice, etc. | |
| Oxytocin | Helps contraction of the uterus muscles and mammary ducts in the breast. | |
| Prolactin | The process of milk production in the mammary glands is carried out by this hormone. | |
| Thyroid-stimulating hormone | Again, as the name suggests, this hormone is responsible for the functions of the hormones of the thyroid gland. | |
| Thyroid gland | Thyroid hormone | The body's metabolic rate is controlled by this hormone. |
| Calcitonin | It regulates calcium balance in species other than humans. Studies are still in progress to find its function in the human species. | |
| Pancreas | Glucagon | The blood sugar level raises with its help. |
| Insulin | It helps in lowering the blood sugar level. Apart from this, metabolism of sugar, protein, and fat are also carried out with its help. | |
| Adrenal glands | Aldosterone | Responsible for maintaining the salt ans water balance in the body. |
| Cortisol | The functions which regulate the blood sugar level, blood pressure, and muscle strength in the body is controlled by the cortisol. | |
| Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) | It is related to the immune system, bones growth and also to the mood of an individual. | |
| Epinephrine and norepinephrine | The nervous system is associated with it. | |
| Hypothalamus | Hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) | It is known as the growth hormone. |
| Somatostatin | It works by regulating the endocrine system. | |
| Dopamine | It inhibits the release of prolactin from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. | |
| Parathyroid glands | Parathyroid hormone | Calcium and phosphorus are eliminated from the body with the help of this hormone, which is also responsible for bone formation. |
| Pineal gland | Melatonin | Maintains the body's circadian rhythm, apart from what has been mentioned in the earlier segment. |
| Ovaries | Estrogen | The female sexual characteristics and the functions reproductive system are influenced by the secretion of this hormone. |
| Progesterone | It plays vital roles in pregnancy. For instance, it helps in preparing the lining of the uterus for the fertilized egg to get implanted. | |
| Testes | Testosterone | Men's sexual characteristics and the nature of the reproductive system, involve the secretion of this hormone. |
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/endocrine-glands-and-functions.html
No comments:
Post a Comment