Objective 30: How heart valves ensure one-way blood flow during systole and diastole

The little diagram above gave me great understanding of the heart valves one-way blood flow.  Only thing I did was memorize this diagram and that was it.  Not much to say about it because this is the only thing I looked at to learn this objective.

Objective 29: Compare arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins

Function
I think I actually learned about these vessels in BIO 100 and how I remembered the function of the arteries was that since arteries started with the letter a and the function of the arteries is to transport blood away from the heart.  I associated the a in away and  in arteries to remember.  I also established that veins are the opposite to  veins in that they transport blood to the heart.  I remember  taking a test in BIO 100 about  what vessels are the smallest  and I answered capillaries.  So after the test I went online to see if I picked the correct answer and I did so I always remember that.  Also I believe in BIO 100, 210, and 211 I know Mrs. Gess kept saying that capillaries deals with diffusion.  Arterioles and venules from my understanding are basically the go betweens between the arteries and capillaries and the capillaries and veins. 


Structure
The clearest I remember learning about the structure of the vessels was when we dissected or observed the sheep's heart.   I remember seeing an artery and comparing it to a vein.  The artery had a thick wall that was strong and flexible.  Also I saw a vein and its wall was thinner than the arteries but their lumen were larger than the arteries.  I also learned that they  both have three layers.  Capillaries, I always will know is the smallest vessel because it just consists of a thin tunica intima.  Making it suitable for the exchanges of substances between the blood and interstitial fluid.  Venules are small also and are formed when capillaries fuse together.   Arterioles have about one or two layers of smooth muscle.  The below picture gives you a great look at each vessel.

Objective 28: Meaning of electrocardiogram and its diagnostic importance

An electrocardiogram aka ECG but I know it better as an EKG is a test that measures the electrical activity of the heartbeat. With each beat, an electrical wave moves through the heart. The wave causes the muscle to squeeze and pump blood from the heart.

My understanding of the diagnostic importance is that a doctor can determine how long the electrical wave takes to pass through the heart. Figuring out how long a wave takes to travel from one part of the heart to the next shows if the electrical activity is normal or slow, fast or irregular. Also, by measuring the amount of electrical activity passing through the heart muscle, a doctor may be able to find out if parts of the heart are too big or is working to hard. The above picture gave me an understanding of what goes on in a heartbeat.

Objective 27: Listen to heart sounds

What to say about heart sounds.  When doing lab I listened to Desiree and Brendas heart noises and they seemed to complement each other.  They sounded pretty much the same to me, and they seemed healthy so I would say that their heart sounds were normal.  I am no doctor but I would have recognized if their heart beat was off.  Listening to the heart throught the stethoscope I heard a lub dub sound, it was constant and steady from both ladies.  Both of their hearts sounded like this.  http://multimedia.3m.com/mws/mediawebserver?mwsId=SSSSSu7zK1fslxtUm8tBlY_vev7qeDOuOvTSevTSeSSSSSS--&fn=Normal%20Split%20Second%20Sound.wav

Objective 21: ABO blood types and their importance in blood transfusion

For me I really do not understand the whole ABO blood type situation because in class there was a whole lot of going in one ear and out the other but the little bit of information I did absorb was from my sister who is an RN.  The chart above is a good visual aid.  Honestly, though if you put a blood sample in front of me I could not tell you anything about it.  Maybe the Rh but that is about it.  I did learn that if the blood clumps its Rh is positive if it does nit it is negative.  I learned that from a lab we did.  I do hope that it right and not vice versa.

Objective 16: Path of blood flow through out the chambers of the heart and through pulmonary and systemic circulations

I used the book and Figure 17.5 to follow the flow of blood through the systemic and pulmonary circuits.  Upon reading the book I learned that he the pulmonary circulation functions to get rid of the waste product carbon dioxide from the blood and to saturate the blood with oxygen.  Also that the systemic circulation functions to deliver oxygenated blood and remove the waste products from all of the tissues in the body.  The figure was a great tool for my understanding of the blood flow and its directions.  I like the arrows showing where it goes through.

Objective 15: Describing how adrenal glands responds to stress

What have I learned about this objective is that the adrenal glands increase their production of cortisol in response to stress. Cortisol causes high blood sugar and pressure levels to rise in addition to doing other things. If the cortisol level is low, fatigue sets, low blood pressure, low blood sugar, and an inability to deal with stress occurs.  I hope I am not wrong but I believe Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) has something to do with this also because DHEA is the most abundant hormone produced by the adrenal cortex and if it is low, you will feel poorly.  This video below shed some light about the subject.  There was another video with a hot chick on it talking about it that really got me into the video and understanding the adrenals but I could not get it uploaded.  I sound like a guy right now dont I.  This video did do diligence to.

Objective 11: Understand structure and function of the endocrine system in relation to growth and homeostasis

What I have learned about the endocrine system is from watching and listening to my instructor Mrs. Gess in lecture.  Also by watching videos about the specifics of the endocrine system.  I learn by constantly surfing the internet on a specific topic or in this case body systems. So when I gather what I think is enough data I repetitively keep going over them and keep going over them until test time approaches.  Also I recollect what the teacher was saying because she gives good examples about certain things that sticks in your mind.  That is why I grew to love her teaching style. This is a video I found very helpful about the endocrine system

Objective 7: Analyze factors that can affect cellular activities

What does not affect cellular activities.  I did not need to take any BIO classes to know that threre is a whole crop of things that can affect cellular activities, although I would not have said the words cellular activities.  The body can go out of whack by a number of things such as pH, glucose levels, circulation, temperature, drugs, stress, disease, etc.  So I really did not need any book or website to teach me about this.  I have been on this earth for almost 27 years and I have seen and done a alot of things.  Just everyday life and seeing things and things happening to me.  Let me put it this way life has taught me about this.  Only thing being in class has taught me is to correctly name what is going in peoples body.

Objective 4: Differentiate the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands

I believe I learned about endocrine and exocrine glands in BIO 100 and what I remember about the lecture is that the main difference about them is that the exocrine glands have ducts andendocrine glands does not.  A great site that gives good details between the two is http://www.differencebetween.net/science/health/difference-between-exocrine-and-endocrine/
Also this video helped me out a lot.  I learned a great deal from videos on youtube.  It helped me to learn the nature of their secretions where endocrine glands secrete hormones while exocrine glands secrete digestive juices and things like sweat.  You will see that this video will be very helpful for anyone wanting to learn the differences of the two.  I know it sure helped me.

Objective 3: Solve for unknowns by manipulating variables

This objective was achieved when we found the pulse pressure and the mean arterial pressure in lab.  There is not much to talk about on this objective.  This was literally doing a math problem.  I would not say I learned or memorized anything.  It is quite easy to remember how to get your pulse pressure.  Next time anyone wants to know there pulse pressure only thing you need to do is take your blood pressure and subtract your systolic from your diastolic.  Also if you want to know your mean arterial pressure which I doubt no one will even know what that means the equation is your diastolic plus pulse pressure divided by three.

Objective 1: Understanding Homeostasis with the effect of aging and stress on each system

For me to understand this objective I went on the internet and found a great site that helped me better comprehend the subject matter.  The site is http://www.novelguide.com/a/discover/eoa_04/eoa_04_00390.html To be honest I used the internet a great deal this semester. Being in BIO three semesters straight with the same teacher who hones in on homeostasis on just about every lecture, you come to remember the effects of stress very vividly especially when she gives you details into her life with her dealing of stress and what it did to her body.  For example, there was a point in her life where she was handling a lot of stress due to the fact that her daughter was injured in a car accident.  In dealing with that she wasn't compelled to eat, so her digestive system was off track.  She lost a lot of weight she always said it was the best diet she have ever been on.  Her skin got pale and malnourished, her hair probably was not in the best of shape.  In the regards to aging form what I gather the longer we live on this earth I am assuming stress mounts.  People will go through deaths, not being able to pay their bills, injuries.  All these examples could bring about long-term stress.  Which in turn can cause hypertention, hyperglycemia, the immune system can get suppressed, and retention of sodium and water.